(Bloomberg) -- The Federal Reserve should more closely monitor the economic struggles of the bottom 60 percent of the economy when making policy since “average statistics” are camouflaging what’s really occurring in the U.S., billionaire Ray Dalio wrote in a report Monday.

Dalio noted wide disparities in factors including labor, retirement savings, health care, death rates and education between the top 40 percent and bottom 60 percent of the country.

The founder of Bridgewater Associates said it would be a “serious mistake” for the Fed to just focus on a national average as it could lead the policy makers to see a brighter economic picture than the reality.

“Because the economic, social, and political consequences of an economic downturn would likely be severe, if I were running Fed policy, I would want to take this into consideration and keep an eye on the economy of the bottom 60%,” Dalio said in his Daily Observations report. “Similarly, having this perspective will be very important for those who determine fiscal policies and for investors concerned with their wealth management.”

The difference in the financial conditions for the two groups -- due in part to whether they can take advantage of the market rally -- is a major cause of slowing growth, he wrote.

The gap between the two economies will only intensify over the next five to 10 years, as changes in demographics will challenge the government’s ability to meet pension and health-care demands, while changes in technology will continue to impact employment, he said.

The disparities he listed include these:

The top 40% now has on average 10 times as much wealth as those in the bottom 60, up from six times as much in 1980
Just a third of the bottom 60% saves any of its income, compared to about 70 percent of the top 40
Premature deaths among those in the bottom 60% are up 20 percent since 2000, and the odds of a premature death within that group are twice as high as the top 40

With fewer children growing up to earn more than their parents, the bottom 60% are more likely to think they’re worse off than the previous generation.

Total health-care spending, including insurance, by the bottom 60% is about half of the top 40. Many are skipping care due to the high costs, with 12% of the bottom 60 going uninsured.

Fed officials have struggled to understand contradictory economic data and what that should mean for monetary policy. The Federal Open Market Committee hiked rates in March and June, primarily spurred by the expectation that robust job gains would eventually raise wages and inflation.

Surprisingly low inflation in recent months, however, has caused several policy makers to waiver in their resolve to move again in December.

Unemployment fell to 4.2% in September, its lowest level in more than 16 years, while inflation has languished well below the central bank’s 2% target.

Fed Chair Janet Yellen has called this a “mystery,” but has signaled her desire to continue raising rates gradually. Investors see the probability of a December hike at about 80%, according to pricing in federal funds futures contracts.

Dalio has said the Fed has given itself limited room to maneuver in the event of a downturn, and therefore must be careful not to trigger one as it moves towards tightening monetary policy.

He has also said that the longer-term picture for the U.S. is worrying because of the abundant debt and non-debt obligations, like health care and social security, that are coming due, creating a squeeze.

“This squeeze will come gradually, not as a shock, and will hurt those who are now most in distress the hardest,” he said in a post in May.

Instant Insights /

Fed's use of 'average' statistics hides a darker economic picture of U.S. split into 2 economies

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