Jan. 9 (Bloomberg) — As the U.S. Congress's approval ratings drop to historic lows, one thing that hasn't changed is the people in charge.

John Boehner, Nancy Pelosi, Harry Reid and Mitch McConnell this week began their eighth year as the leaders running Congress. That's longer than any other foursome has worked together since the Senate formalized its leadership structure in the 1920s.

As Congress this year tries to avoid a government shutdown, avert a debt default and break a cycle of dysfunction, the quartet carries the residue of past conflicts: the financial system rescue in 2008, trips to the brink of default in 2011 and 2013 and last-minute deals to extend tax cuts in 2010 and 2012.

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