1993—U.S. Sen. John Chafee, R-Rhode Island,introduces the “Health Equity and Access Reform Act,” whichincludes a mandate, complete a non-compliance “penalty.” Supportersinclude Sens. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, Charles Grassley, R-Iowa, andRepublican Kit Bond fromMissouri.

April 12, 2006—MassachusettsGov. Mitt Romney signs “An Act Providing Access to Affordable,Quality, Accountable Health Care”—otherwise known asRomneycare—into law. This legislation, meant to expand coveragewhile reining in health care costs, also introduced the individualmandate and served as the template for the Patient Protection andAffordable Care Act.

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