The number of part-time U.S. workers who could see their hours cut because of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could reach as high as 2.3 million, a figure considerably lower than some have theorized.

The number—from a study by UC Berkeley's Center for Labor Research and Education—is believed to be the first hard-data projection on the impact PPACA might have on the part-time jobs market.

Under PPACA, larger employers face penalties beginning next year unless they offer health benefits deemed affordable. As a consequence, critics of the law have suggested that millions of Americans will lose hours as employers try to skirt the law. The penalties in PPACA only apply to employers with 50 or more full-time equivalent workers.

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