Labor laws that prevent women from moving up in the workplace may actually encourage them to start more businesses. But the businesses they start are not as profitable as the businesses run by women in countries with more generous benefits geared towards helping families deal with childcare.

That’s according to newly-released research by Sarah Thébaud, a professor of sociology at the University of California at Santa Barbara. In her report, Thébaud rejects the premise that family law should pit business advocates against big government liberals. The inflexibility of the modern workplace deters half of the nation’s population from fully engaging in entrepreneurship, a trend that should make any free market enthusiast concerned, she argues.

“(W)omen are a vastly under-tapped resource when it comes to growing a vibrant economy,” she writes. “For instance, in 2014, woman-owned firms in the United States employed only six percent of the workforce and created less than four percent of all business revenues — a figure that is about the same as it was in 1997.”