When it comes to retirement, women are in even more trouble than men, says a new study.

Numerous studies indicate that a retirement crisis is pending, with most Americans having saved barely enough to get through a single year—much less all the years of an entire post-employment retirement and all the health care costs they’re likely to bring.

But women are particularly challenged in putting away enough money to see them through the years when they leave the workplace—and a new study from the National Institute on Retirement Security (NIRS), “Shortchanged in Retirement: Continuing Challenges to Women’s Financial Future,” examines what it calls the “three-legged stool … of Social Security, a pension, and personal savings for retirement,” which it says is “broken, especially for women.”