BlackRock, the world’s largest money manager, recently asked a group of Americans in defined-contribution plans, such as 401(k)s, how they're fixed for retirement. Most said they're on track to kick back in comfort.

Are they crazy?

If they are, so are some of the equally sanguine professionals running their 401(k)s.

The nation was served up a big fat plate of economic optimism in President Donald Trump's speech Tuesday night, which helped send the S&P 500 Index up 1.4 percent, to a record 2395.96, in its largest single-day advance since the election. The index is up 12 percent since Nov. 8.

Such optimism is largely a good thing. Without it, consumers might not make the big purchases that fuel so much of the economy. We might not work as hard at our jobs, assuming we'll make more money and get a promotion, so productivity would take a hit. We might not save as much if we figure everything's going to work out fine.

The dark side of optimism is overconfidence, a well-chronicled killer of wealth, memorably dubbed irrational exuberance by former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s. Some academic studies suggest that the more information we get, the more confident we become in our decisions. Yet, with all the market noise, our decisions aren't always a lot better than those of people without all that information.

The survey commissioned by BlackRock suggests that many of those with money in workplace defined-contribution plans may be overconfident about future returns.

The poll, of 1,002 plan participants with at least $5,000 saved in their current employer's plan, looked at how confident workers were about being able to enjoy a nice retirement. More than half of the participants said they were on course to "retire with the lifestyle they want" — 56 percent, up from the annual survey's reading of 52 percent last year. Nearly 70 percent think they can save enough to meet their financial goals for retirement.

The problem is, many of these individual savers expect returns to be far higher in the future than financial firms do, perhaps because we often assume that what's happened in the recent past will continue in the future. Sixty-six percent of savers in the survey expect returns in the next decade to track past performance. Even-higher returns than in the past are expected by 17 percent. Almost two-thirds of workers said they didn't know that Wall Street expects "notably lower" market returns in the future.

In fact, stock and bond returns could be half of what Americans have grown used to in recent decades, according to consensus forecasts of 35 companies in the financial industry that were gathered by Horizon Actuarial. Maybe workplace retirement savings plans should come with those reminders that fund companies have on ads touting their products' returns: Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

The workers' views mostly reflected those of the 200 plan sponsors surveyed for the report. Seventy percent of the benefit and finance professionals at plan sponsors said that over the next 10 years, the annualized return for U.S. stocks will mirror the past or be higher. Even more (78 percent) expected bond returns to be around the same or higher than in previous years. Even taking into account the high margin of error for this smaller group — at +/- 6.9 percent — that's a lot of optimism for the pros.

In the shorter term, a recent survey by brokerage firm Edward Jones of 1,105 people, done between Jan. 19 and Jan. 22, showed more optimism than pessimism about the Trump administration's impact on their strategy for retirement savings. Forty-two percent of those with investments think the new administration will improve their portfolio this year; 27 percent think it will hurt their portfolio.

The BlackRock survey results contrast with the poor retirement prospects of many Americans. Data from U.S. Census Bureau researchers recently showed that only about one-third of employees save in a 401(k) or similar tax-deferred plan at all. Another survey, of 800 people 25 and older, by phone, found enough pessimism to conclude that “Americans are united in their anxiety about their economic security in retirement.” In that poll, commissioned by the National Institute on Retirement Security, more than two-thirds of people fear that economic conditions might hurt their chances for a secure retirement.

If you aren't saving enough to fund the retirement you want, perhaps because you're too optimistic about future returns, the time to act is now, if not yesterday. The sooner you realize it, the more time you have to adjust course without making radical lifestyle changes. The tragedy is when the revelation that your diligent saving was at too low a rate comes late in your career, when you may not have the earning potential or years left in the workforce to make up the shortfall.

Consciously living below your means is one way to fend off that prospect, said financial planner Michael Kitces, author of the Nerd's Eye View blog. The fight here, he said, is against "lifestyle creep." Even clients who've had great careers struggle to get to retirement, Kitces noted. As their income grows, their lifestyle grows with it, and they never get ahead.

Many of us are just too casual about the decision to introduce new expenses into our their lives, and it gets harder to shed those nice things later. Kitces practices what he preaches, by the way."I don't know of anyone who has bought a new car and then went back and bought a used car after that," he said.

So be of good cheer. But not too good.

Instant Insights /

Think you&rsquo;re set for retirement? Don&rsquo;t get too comfortable

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Think you’re set for retirement? Don’t get too comfortable