The share of Americans without health insurance remained largely unchanged in 2025, even as underlying coverage patterns shifted across income groups, age cohorts and coverage types, according to early-release data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Health Interview Survey.
In 2025, 28 million people of all ages — 8.3% of the U.S. population — were uninsured, which compares with 27.2 million people, or 8.2%, in 2024, a difference the CDC said was not statistically significant.
By age group, uninsured rates continued to diverge sharply. Adults ages 18 to 64 recorded the highest uninsured rate at 11.6% in 2025, representing 23.5 million people. Children ages 0 to 17 had an uninsured rate of 5.6%, or 4 million children. Adults age 65 and older had the lowest uninsured rate at 0.7%.
The uninsured rate among working-age adults has declined from 13.5% in 2021 to 11.6% in 2025. However, the CDC noted no statistically significant change between 2024 and 2025 for this group.
Among adults ages 18 to 64, coverage composition continued to evolve. In 2025, 69.4% had private health insurance, up from 66.6% in 2021, while 21% were covered by public programs, down from 23% in 2023 and 21.2% in 2024. The share of uninsured adults remained at 11.6%, unchanged from 2024.
The uninsured rate among children rose from 4.1% in 2021 to 5.6% in 2025. Public coverage among children declined from 44.3% in 2021 to 40% in 2025, while private coverage increased from 53.8% to 57% over the same period.
Income level remained a key differentiator in coverage outcomes among adults ages 18 to 64. In 2025, adults with family incomes below 100% of the federal poverty level had an uninsured rate of 18.8%. Those with incomes between 100% and 200% of the federal poverty level had an uninsured rate of 21.3%. Adults with incomes between 200% and 400% of the federal poverty level recorded a rate of 13.1%, while those above 400% of the federal poverty level had the lowest uninsured rate at 4.4%.
Racial and ethnic disparities also remained evident in 2025. Hispanic adults recorded the highest uninsured rate at 21.9%, down from 24.6% in 2024 and 30.1% in 2021. Among Black adults, 11.3% were uninsured in 2025, compared with 10.5% in 2024 and 14.1% in 2021. White non-Hispanic adults had an uninsured rate of 8.5% in 2025, up from 7.9% in 2024. Asian non-Hispanic adults had the lowest uninsured rate among the groups reported at 4.9%, down from 5.4% in 2024.
Exchange-based coverage among people under age 65 stood at 6.3% in 2025, up from 5.7% in 2024 and 4.3% in 2021. Coverage rates varied by income, with the highest exchange enrollment among individuals with family incomes between 100% and 200% of the federal poverty level at 9.3%.
Women and men showed similar levels of exchange-based coverage in 2025, at 6.6% and 6%, respectively. Hispanic individuals were more likely to have exchange-based coverage at 7.4% compared with 5.8% of White individuals and 6.9% of Black individuals.
The findings are based on preliminary 2025 data from the National Health Interview Survey. The CDC noted that differences between early-release estimates and final annual estimates are typically small, generally within 0.5 percentage points.
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