The use of low-cost index funds in Vanguard 401(k) plans doubled from 2004 to 2012.

According to Vanguard's "Behavioral Effects and Indexing in DC Participant Accounts 2004-2012," the average participant now invests 60 percent of his account balance in index funds, compared to 30 percent in 2004, in large part because of the growing popularity of index-based target-date funds.

The study also found that the assets in actively managed funds and non-indexable assets, such as money market funds, stable value funds and company stock, declined significantly over the eight-year period, dropping from 32 percent in 2004 to 19 percent in 2012.

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