Those inquiries are a “major source” of enforcement leads, according to a fact sheet from EBSA.

So far, the Trump administration’s regulatory rollback initiatives have not slowed enforcement action at EBSA. In fiscal year 2017, which included the last three months of the Obama administration, EBSA recovered $1.1 billion, compared to $777.5 million the previous year.

Nearly $700 million of recoveries last year came from enforcement actions, almost twice the amount from 2016. EBSA’s fact sheet does not separate retirement and health plans in the overall data.

Of the 1,700 civil investigations closed last year, 65 percent resulted in cash recoveries or other corrective actions, proving what EBSA calls its “ability to effectively target ERISA violations in the employee benefit plan universe.”

Almost half of the recoveries from the civil investigations went to participants in defined benefit retirement plans.

All told, 134 of those civil investigations were referred to Labor’s Office of the Solicitor for litigation. The Department filed 50 civil suits as a result. Labor’s legal team weighs factors such as the cost of litigation, viability of meaningful resolutions, and enforcement priorities when considering whether to initiate a lawsuit.

The really bad actors are pursued with criminal charges. More than 300 criminal cases were closed in 2017, leading to 113 indictments of plan fiduciaries, corporate officers and service providers, and 79 guilty pleas or convictions in court.

In December, after the close of fiscal year 2017, a fund manager to the Iron Workers Local Union in Birmingham, AL, was sentenced to five years probation and six months of house arrest for stealing $46,000 in plan assets.

In November, the Labor Department successfully filed a cease-and-desist order and froze the bank accounts of AEU Holdings and Black Wolf Consulting for failure to pay $26 million in medical claims to participants in a multiemployer health plan. Complaints from the plan’s participants initiated the investigation.

In October, a Florida man was sentenced to 13 years in prison for submitting fraudulent Medicare claims. In July, an Arkansas man was sentenced to 12 years for embezzling $150,000 from a retirement plan.

EBSA also made substantial recoveries without taking civil or criminal legal action. In 2017, $418 million was recovered through informal resolutions.

The agency encourages plan officials to police themselves through the Voluntary Fiduciary Correction Program, which EBSA says provides fiduciaries “significant incentives” to self-correct administration errors. More than 1,300 applications were made through the VFCP in 2017, resulting in $10 million in plan corrections.

Of the 1,700 civil investigations closed last year, 65 percent resulted in cash recoveries or other corrective actions, proving what EBSA calls its “ability to effectively target ERISA violations in the employee benefit plan universe.”